LAD #37

LAD #37

      The Brown vs. Board of Education case was a game changer for civil rights in America. The "separate but equal" policy was challenged after it had been used to determine many other civil rights cases for years. Linda Brown was a young African American student who was forced to walk to a further away black school instead of being able to attend a closer all white school. The NAACP decided to sponsor Linda Brown, and together they were able to bring the case to the Supreme Court. The NAACP along with little Linda Brown fought hard for the rights of black students and were able to defeat the Board of Education. The "separate but equal" policy was then declared unconstitutional, and it was overturned.

LAD #36

LAD #36

       Truman starts off by addressing that Greece needs our help both financially and with their government. He says that the US is the only capable and willing democratic country to help Greece. But Greece isn't the only country that needs our help, so does Turkey. He says the Democracy needs to spread to any country that need help with their government because even if it's not perfect it is one of the best countries out there. This doctrine marks the tensions between Democracy and other forms of government.

LAD #35

LAD #35

      After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Japanese discrimination grew. All american's who had any Japanese ancestry were to be put in relocation internment camps. FDR states that all japanese americans be relocated to Southern Arizona. This was a violation of most rights, but to most people during this time the japanese americans were a "clear and present danger" which made this executive order okay and present through out the entire war. He ordered all Executive departments to comply and carry out this executive order and provide "medical aid, hospitalization, food, clothing, transportation, use of land, shelter, and other supplies, equipment, utilities, facilities and services."

LAD #34

LAD #34

       When referring to the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor, FDR calls it "a day that will live in infamy." After december 7th, 1941, the day Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, FDR decided enough was enough and declared war on Japan. Japan not only attacked pearl harbor but also attacked other places of American possession, such as Hong Kong, Guam, the Philippines, Midway Island and Wake Island. FDR also said that all and any measures will be taken in America's defense. He made certain that the country knew that they were in grave danger and finally concluded his speech by saying "so help us god."

LAD #33

LAD #33

       In 1933, shortly after the beginning of the Great Depression, Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected into office. He addressed many of the issues that the Great Depression brought including unemployment and promised many changes, which appealed greatly to the public. He promised to bring change and bring the former prosperous country back its wealth. He would help the US regain its glory and make sure something like this never happens again. He said that he would help his nation and the people in it. He restores the faith in the president and gives hoped to the people of the country during this horrible time.
     

LAD #32

LAD #32

      In 1928, the Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact was passed by nations like Germany, France, and the United States. Although it was passed for good reasons, it was a complete failure. It was made in order to make the country a more peaceful world and the countries that signed it were agreeing to denounce war as a foreign policy of solving a dispute. This would push countries to work out problems more diplomatically and aggressively. The US followed through with the treaty granting them unofficial leadership. This was greatly unsuccessful because the only was a country could enforce this agreement was if the used military involvement to support it.

LAD #31

LAD #31

       Wilson becomes the moral leader during World War 1. During the war he delivers his 14 points to make sure the country knows that the war is being fought by the Americans for a moral cause and peace for the world. Wilson's 14 points played a big part in helping with peace in foreign countries after the war. Some of the most important points were:
-Freedom of navigation in the seas
-Removal of economic barriers and establishment of equality of trade
-Reduced national armies
-Form a league of nations to avoid further conflict
In the end the Allies did not support the 14 points because they believed that the losing countries should pay for what they did. Wilson had to compromise 13 of his points so he could get his 14th point approved.  

LAD #30

LAD #30

       Schenck sent a message to the public that they peacefully resist the conscription Act in place during the Great War. Because of this he was charged with the violation of the Espionage Act due to obstuction to recruitment. In responce to the circumstances, Holmes declared that Schenck's words were not protected under the first amendment. The United States could not afford Schenck's actions because they were at war and his actions caused a "clear and present danger" to the US. The government was fearful that people would follow Schenck and disobey the laws and the government. This case established congress's power over the freedom of speech during war time because it was deemed necessesary.

LAD #29

LAD #29

      The Keating-Owen Child Labor Act was imposed in 1916 and it limited long working hours of children and the interstate selling of goods produced through child labor. People began to realize the terrible effects of harsh conditions and the long working hours the children had to endure because of the muckrakers. The muckrakers, such as Lewis Hine, who were able to raise awareness about all of the child labor conditions. Examples of child labor is children under the age of 16 working in a mine or overnight or any children under the age of 14 working anywhere that produces goods. The act stated the children were not aloud to work more then 8 hours and day and 6 days a week. It was originally passed under Woodrow Wilson but was later made unconstitutional.

LAD #28

LAD #28

      In the begining of Woodrow Wilson's speech he says that the change to fully democratic government began to years ago and is finally coming to a finish. Wilson says that "life is great due to willingness of people to help others, and so the government is great because of it's flexibility and strength." Before the progressive era the government was corrupt and selfish and Wilson want to end this while keeping the successful ideas. Some changes that he wanted to be made were a banking and currency system, an industrial system, scientific improvements to agriculture, waste mangement and mines. Although the nation has doubted the government during corrupt times, during Wilson's presidency the new view on government brought greater jsutice.

LAD #27

LAD #27

         During the Industrial Revolution the governmment was very pro business with its policy of laissez-faire and had no regulations on businesses. The Big Businesses at the time had almopst total control. The Big Businesses were also known as monopolies and they were starting to rise and hurt the free-market trade system of the US. In responce to this President Roosevelt set up the Sherman Anti-trust Act but this back fired because it didnt not get ride of all Trusts, just the "bad" trusts. This Act was followed by the Clayton Antitrust Act which further inforced the Sherman Antitrust act. The Clayton Antitrust act said the businesses could not use price discrimination or change the price depending on the customer. Rebates and inter-corporate stock-holdings were outlawed. The act made it illegal to accept bribes and give special deals to certain custumes. The employees also recieved many new freedoms including being aloud to sew the companies that they worked for if they happend to get hurt on the job. This act did a great deal in kepping monopolies to a minimum.

LAD #26

LAD #26

      In Martin Luther King Jr.'s famous speech, he addresses the masses who attended his speech in front of Lincoln's memorial and alludes to signing the emancipation proclamation that freed all slaves. He goes on by saying despite the efforts of this great president the hardships of the black people are far from over. King and his followers have met at the capital of the United States "to cash their check". This check will grant them protection of their alienable rights ("life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness"). He believes that this day will soon come, because he believes there is enough freedom in the vaults of the capitol to give to the oppressed black population. He addresses that his followers must not try to achieve this violently but with patience and discipline. Because in order to move on and obtain their freedom the rights of white men must us be upheld because both groups cannot function without the other. Then he goes into talking about the future when he hopes to see sons of former slaves and slave owners sitting together at a table of brotherhood. He says that in order to achieve this we must dedicate our self to liberty and freedom and give new respect for the phrase "let freedom ring." Freedom must be everywhere in the United States. When that happens the people of the nation may move forward together.

LAD #25

LAD #25

       The Dawes Act was put in place to break up the Indian Reservations by giving landing to individual Native Americans and extending the protection laws of the US over the Indians. The Act includes 11 section which explains the different procedures the Indians must take. The first section give specific rules over the allotment of the land, like each head of the family gets one-quarter of a section and each person over the age of 18 gets one-eighth of a section. The next section talks about how these lots should be set up, that they should be selected by indians, heads of families selecting for their minor children, and the agents selecting for each orphan. The third section states that the allotments set up by this act will be mad by agents selected by the president. The Act then continues on explaining the rest of the provisions for how to allot the land, including allowing for indians to become citizens after a certain period of time. However this Act does not apply to every Indian tribe. The Act also does not offer any protection for Indian Reservations from Railroads, highways, telegraph lines, public uses, etc. set up by the government. The Act just showed how much control we had over the indians.

LAD #24

LAD#24

     
      At a Democratice National Convention in 1896, William Jennings Bryan, a former congressman from Nebraska, delivered his famous and powerful speech. This speech ultimately led to his election as the democratic, and populist party, candidate for the President. His speech revolved mostly around the "paramount" issue of the election, which was the gold and silver issue. He is in the support of the business men because he believes they deserve the wealth they earn. He is also a supporter of the common man. Some Americans feared that a Robespierre would emerge and he told them not to fear a tyrant, what the country needs is someone like Andrew Jackson who will "stand against the encroachments of aggregated wealth." He talks about the income tax, which is used to put the burdens of the government on the peoples backs. There is controversy which some people believe is unconstitutional, which he defends by saying the it was constitutional until some judge changed his mind. He also defends other parts of his platform like opposition to the national bank currency, opposition to life tenure in office, and above all, the coinage of silver. He believes that the coinage of silver will lead to growth that will not mess with the nations richness. He ends his speech with his famous quote "you shall not crucify man kind upon a cross of gold." This deeply moved people and displayed the views of the democratic and populist party.

LAD #23

LAD #23

       As a reaction to the rise of Big Business during the heavy industrialization in America came about the Populist Party Platform. The preamble begins with talking about the horrible condition the country is in. There is corruption, workers are being denied rights, people are begin demoralized and impoverished, there is a large gap between the rich and the poor, etc. The also describe adding gold to the currency as dangerous and demoralizing. The Democrats and Republicans have done nothing to stop the negative effects of the American lives. In return the populist seek to return the power to the "plain people" to correct these evils and ensure equality. The Populist Platform declared that the Union of labor forces will be permanent, wealth belongs to him who creates it, and the government will own and regulate railroads, the telegraph, and the telephone. The also demand free coinage of silver and gold at a 16 to 1, a graduated income tax, and that money be kept in the hands of people for the majority of the time. The also request that land not be monopolized for speculative purposes. In the expression of sentiment, the last part, they demand things like free ballot, liberal pensions to ex-union soldiers, shorter hours of labor, a one term limit for the president and vice president, and over all more rights and liberties to the people.

LAD #22

LAD #22

President William McKinley

     President McKinley made it clear in his address that the war between Cuba and Spain should be ended as soon as possible. He found that the constant fighting between cuba and Spain may cause danger to America's trade, investment in the country, capital, and the mindset of American's. McKinley asked congress to end the war any way possible whether it be a neutral intervention to propose a rational compromise or completely support one side, just as long as a forceful annexation is avoided. In weighing these options McKinely knows that by picking one side would just cause more drama and a neutral intervention is the more preferable way to go. A neutral intervention can be executed in 4 steps. The first and second steps would be for the US to recognize its relation with the conflict as both close in proximity and politics. The third step is that the call to protection must be legitimized by any injuries on the country. For example, trade or US bloodshed, etc. Lastly the Us is called in to end the hostilities when the US is in jeopardy. It is the United States responsibility to pacify cuba because they are so intertwined in both political and social spheres. How ever everything is ultimately left up to congress.